ISO Non metallic Inclusion Inspection Standards:
(1) ISO 4967:2013
ISO 4967: 2013 "Sarudzo yeIsiri Simbi Inosanganisirwa Zvemukati muSimbi - Yakajairwa Chart Microscopic Inspection Method" inotsiva ISO 4967-1998, asi zvirimo zvakangochinja zvishoma, uye nzira yekuongorora uye yekuyera chati haina kuchinja.Iyo 1988 vhezheni yeiyi chiyero yakagamuchirwa zvakafanana neGB/T 10561-2005.
(2) ISO 9341-1996
TS EN ISO 9341-1996 Optics uye Optical zviridzwa - Kuona kusakwana kweiyo inclusions uye hurema hwepamusoro mune yakagadziriswa malensi lenzi" inosuma nzira nematanho ekuona inclusions uye hurema hwepasi uchishandisa yakagadziriswa malenzi.Yakamiswa muna 2006 uye yakatsiviwa ne ISO 18369.3: 2006 "Optics uye Optical zviridzwa - Bata lenzi - Chikamu 3: Nzira dzekuyedza".
American non-metallic inclusion yekuongorora zviyero:
(1) ASTM B796-2014
ASTM B796-2014 "Test Method for Non Metallic Inclusion Content muPowder Forged Parts", ichitsiva ASTM B796-2007, inokodzera kugadzirwa kwemetallographic yeasiri-metallic kuisirwa mazinga muzvikamu zvakaumbwa zvehupfu, zvinoda 100% kuona porosity munzvimbo yepakati. yemuenzaniso.Kana pane mapeji, zvakaoma kusiyanisa pores yakasara kubva kune oxide inclusions.
(2) ASTM E45-2013
ASTM E45-2013 "Test Method yeKuona Kusanganisirwa Kwemukati muSimbi" ndiyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya isiri-simbi inclusion yekuongorora mwero, iyo inosanganisira ina macroscopic nzira dzekuongorora uye shanu microscopic nzira dzekuongorora (manual uye mufananidzo kuongororwa) kutsanangura zviri mukati mesimbi. uye nzira yekubika yemigumisiro yekuongorora.Nzira shanu dzekuongorora microscopic dzinosanganisira: Nzira (yakaipisisa munda wekuona nzira), B nzira (kureba nzira), C nzira (oxide uye silicate nzira) D nzira (yakaderera inclusion content method) uye E nzira (SAM rating nzira);ASTM E45 yakagadzira nhevedzano yeakajairwa mareferenzi mepu (JK mepu uye SAE mepu) kutsanangura hunhu (saizi, mhando, uye huwandu) hweakajairwa inclusions.Mepu yeSAE inogona kuwanikwa mune yakakurudzirwa J422 maitiro ekushanda muSAE manual;Iyo spectra yeMethod A (yakaipisisa munda wekuona), Method D (yakaderera inclusion content), uye Method E (SAM rating) yakagadzirwa zvichienderana neJK spectra, nepo Method C (oxide uye silicate nzira) yakashandisa SAE spectra.
(3) ASTM E1122-1996
ASTM E1122-1996 "Standard Test Method yeKuona JK Inclusion Level neAutomatic Image Analysis" yakamiswa muna 2006 uye yakasanganiswa mune ichangobva kuvandudzwa ASTM E45-2013, Nzira A uye D.
(4) ASTM E1245-2003 (2008)
ASTM E1245-2003 (2008) "Yakajairwa Kuedza Nzira Yekumisikidza Kubatanidzwa kana Chechipiri Chikamu Chimiro Chimiro Musimbi neAutomated Image Analysis.".Inokodzera kushandisa otomatiki mufananidzo nzira yekuongorora zvirimo endogenous inclusions uye yechipiri chikamu microstructure mumasimbi.Nekuda kwekupararira uye kusingatarisike kugovera kwekunze kwekunze, chiyero ichi hachishande pakuongorora exogenous inclusions musimbi kana mamwe simbi.
(5) ASTM E2142-2008
ASTM E2142-2008 "Nzira yekuyedza Yekuongorora uye Kurongeka kweInclusions muSimbi neScanning Electron Microscopy".Zvinoenderana nematanho anotsanangurwa muASTM E45 uye ASTM E1245, kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwekuiswa mukati musimbi kunoitwa pachishandiswa scanning electron maikorosikopu;Kutemerwa kwehuwandu, saizi, uye morphology kugoverwa kweiyo inclusions inorongerwa maererano nemakemikari nzira.
(6) ASTM E2283-2008 (2014)
Sezvinozivikanwa, kukundikana kwezvikamu zvemakina zvakadai semagiya uye mabheya zvinowanzokonzerwa nekuvapo kwehuwandu husina-metallic oxide inclusions.Kucherechedzwa kweMicroscopic yezvikamu zvakakundikana kazhinji kunoteedzera kuvepo kweinclusions.Kufanotaura kwehupenyu hwekuneta kwezvikamu zvakakundikana hazvigone kuongororwa zvine musoro nekubatanidzwa kwekuongorora zviyero zvakaita seASTM E45, ASTM E1122, uye ASTM E1245.ASTM E2283-2008 (2014) "Code for Analysis of Extreme Values of Non Metallic Inclusions uye Zvimwe Microstructure Characteristics muSimbi" yakabuda pasi pemamiriro aya.Iyi chiyero inogadzira nzira yakamisikidzwa uchishandisa yakanyanyisa kukosha ongororo, ine hukama nehupenyu hwechikamu uye kusanganisa saizi kugovera.Kufanana neASTM E1245-2003 (2008), chiyero ichi hachishandiswe pakuongororwa kwekunze kwekubatanidzwa musimbi nedzimwe simbi.
German isiri-simbi inclusion yekuongorora zviyero:
(1) DIN 50602-1985
DIN 50602-1985 "Microscopic bvunzo nzira yekuongorora zvisiri-simbi inosanganisirwa zvirimo musimbi yemhando yepamusoro uchishandisa metallographic diagram" inoshandiswa zvakanyanya senzira yekuongorora microscopic yezvisiri-simbi inosanganisirwa zvirimo musimbi yemhando yepamusoro, inotsanangurwa nevanopfuura zana nemakumi maviri. zvigadzirwa zviyero.Iyi chiyero inokamura zvisiri-metallic inclusions musimbi muzvikamu zvina: SS mhando, OA mhando, OS mhando, uye OG mhando, inoenderana sulfide inclusions, oxide inclusions, silicate inclusions, uye spherical oxide inclusions, zvichiteerana.Aya mana emhando yekubatanidzwa akakamurwa kuita 9 mazinga, anomiririrwa ne0-8.Mazinga akatarisana anoguma nemusiyano wakapetwa kaviri nzvimbo inosanganisirwa.Huwandu hwesampling ichoto chimwe chete kana batch yezvishandiso, uye kazhinji hapana asingasviki matanhatu samples.Matatu magirafu anoshandiswa kuongorora mwero weinclusions.Pachikamu chimwe chete, sulfide inclusions (SS type) uye spherical oxide inclusions (OG type) yakakamurwa kuita maviri akatevedzana zvichienderana nekusiyana kwekubatanidzwa kwehupamhi uye ukobvu, nepo oxide inclusions (OA rudzi) uye silicate inclusions (OS rudzi) zvakakamurwa kuita. matatu akatevedzana.Mune imwe neimwe yemhando yekubatanidzwa uye imwe neimwe mutsara, inofananidzwa kureba mitsara yemukati inopihwa, uye tafura yehurefu hurefu hunoenderana nekubatanidzwa kwehupamhi hwakasiyana inopiwa zvakare.Pane nzira mbiri dzekuongorora dzeDIN 50602-1985: M nzira uye K nzira.Iyo M-nzira ndeyekurekodha yepamusoro-soro yekubatanidzwa munzvimbo yese yakaongororwa, uye mushure mekutarisa zvakasiyana uye kurekodha zvakasiyana-siyana mumuenzaniso wakasarudzwa, kuverenga iyo arithmetic zvinoreva.Iyo K-nzira inoverengera inclusions kubva padanho rakatarwa, saka chiyero chinoshanda chaizvo kune akakosha masimbi.Naizvozvo, iyo yakaderera mwero yekuongorora inoenderana nesimbi yekunyungudutsa, mashandisirwo emidziyo, uye saizi yechigadzirwa.Nhamba mushure meK inomiririra huwandu hwehuwandu hwemazinga anoshandiswa mukuongorora uchishandisa girafu.Semuenzaniso, K4 inoreva kuwanda kwekuitika kwemazinga ekubatanidza kubva padanho 4. Chiyero chekubatanidza chinosiyana, uye njodzi dzadzo dzinosiyanawo.Kuwedzera kuwanda kweiyo coefficient kunopa huwandu hwese hwekubatanidza mune imwe sampuli.Nhamba yose yekubatanidzwa mumasampuli ose muboka remuenzaniso inowedzerwa, uye chigumisiro chinoshandurwa kuva 1000 mm2, iyo ndiyo nhamba yose yezvinyorwa.K4 inowanzoshandiswa, uye pakuverenga, OS mhando inclusions inowanzoiswa seOA.Parizvino, chiyero ichi hachina kushanda uye hapana chiyero chitsva chakadzokororwa chekuchitsiva.Yayo tekinoroji komiti inokurudzira kushandisa DIN EN 10247-2007 kuongororwa kweiyo isiri-simbi inosanganisirwa zvirimo musimbi.
(2) DIN EN 10247-2007
DIN EN 10247-2007 "Microscopic bvunzo yezvisiri-simbi inosanganisirwa zvirimo musimbi uchishandisa yakajairwa mifananidzo" ndeye metallographic nzira yekuongorora yeasiri-simbi inosanganisirwa zvirimo musimbi yakagadziridzwa zvichibva muyedzo vhezheni yeDIN V ENV 10247-1998 "Microscopic bvunzo. yezvisiri-metallic inclusion content musimbi uchishandisa mifananidzo yakajairwa”.Iyi chiyero inopatsanura isiri-metallic inclusions musimbi kuita matanhatu emhando mhando, inomiririrwa neEA, EB, EC, ED, EF, uye AD, Nzira dzekuongorora dzakakamurwa kuita P nzira (yakaipisisa kubatanidza nzira), M nzira (yakaipisisa ndima yekuona. nzira), uye K nzira (avhareji yemunda wekuona nzira), pakati payo M nzira uye K nzira inowirirana neDIN 50602
Tsananguro muna 1985 inowirirana, uye akawanda achangobva kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa zviyero muEurope vatanga kutaura chiyero ichi.
(3) Zvimwe
Miyero yekuyedza ine chekuita nekuongororwa kweisina-simbi inclusions inosanganisirawo: SEP 1570-1971 "Microscopic Yekuongorora Nzira yeIsiri Simbi Inosanganisirwa Yemukati Yekuyeresa Machati eSimbi Yakakosha", SEP 1570-1971 (Supplement) "Microscopic Yekuongorora Nzira yeIsiri Simbi Kubatanidzwa. Zvemukati Zviyero Machati eYakanaka uye Yakareba Yakakosha Simbi", uye SEP 1572-1971 "Microscopic Yekuongorora Nzira yeSulfide Yemukati Yekuyeresa Machati eMahara Kucheka Simbi"
Kuongorora zviyero zveasiri-simbi inclusions mune dzimwe nyika:
JIS G 0555: 2003 "Microscopic test method ye-non-metallic inclusions musimbi" (Japanese standard).
Iyo yakajairwa microscopic yekuyedza nzira yekuona isiri-simbi inclusions mune yakakungurutswa kana forged simbi zvigadzirwa (ine compression reshiyo inosvika 3).Iwo chaiwo ekuongorora maitiro ekubatanidzwa mune iyi chiyero akakamurwa kuita A nzira, B nzira, uye point calculation microscopic yekuongorora nzira.Iyo nzira yeA uye B inopindirana zvachose nenzira yekumiririra mu ISO 4967: 2013, uye nzira yekuverenga poindi inomiririra kuchena kwesimbi nechikamu chenzvimbo inogarwa nemainclusions.Uyu chiyero chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuongorora kukodzera kwesimbi pakushandiswa, asi nekuda kweiyo subjective pesvedzero yevanoedza, zvinonetsa kuwana mhedzisiro inogutsa, saka nhamba huru yemasampuli uye kufanotaura kunodiwa pakushandiswa.
BS 7926-1998 (R2014) "Quantitative micrographic nzira yekuona iyo muzana yezvinyorwa zvisiri zvesimbi inclusions musimbi" (British standard),
Nzira mbiri dzemicroscope dzekutora mifananidzo dzekutarisa zviri mukati meisiri-metallic inclusions musimbi yakakandwa dzakatsanangurwa zvakadzama.Chikamu chenzvimbo yezvisiri-metallic inclusions mumienzaniso yesimbi yakakandwa yakatsanangurwa, uye chikamu chezana chezvisina-metallic inclusions mune ina yekunyunguduka nekunatsa nzira dzinoshandiswa nesimbi foundries dzakatsanangurwa zvakare.
New Gapower Metalinyanzvi Yemahara yekucheka simbi mugadziri.Zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvinosanganisira 1212 1213 1214 1215 1140 1144 12l13 12l14,12l15 11SMn30 etc. Vatengi vaigona kuwana ese mhando chubhu yavaida.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-25-2023