Iyo mechanical basa remapaipi esimbi asina musonochinangwa chakakosha chekuvimbisa kushanda kwekupedzisira (mechanical function) yesimbi, iyo inoenderana nemakemikari ekuumbwa uye kupisa kwekupisa kwesimbi.Mune iyo simbi pombi kududzira, iyo tensile basa (tensile simba, goho simba kana goho poindi, kurebesa), kuoma uye kusimba zvinangwa, pamwe nepamusoro uye yakaderera tembiricha mabasa anodiwa nevashandisi, anotsanangurwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushandisa.
① Kusimba simba (σb)
Iyo yakanyanya simba (Fb) inogamuchirwa nemuenzaniso panguva yekusimba panguva yekuzorora, yakakamurwa nekunetseka kunowanikwa nekuparadzanisa yepakutanga-chikamu-chikamu nzvimbo (Saka) yemuenzaniso ( σ) , Inonzi tensile simba ( σ b) , muN /mm2 (MPa).Inoratidza kugona kwakanyanya kwesimbi zvinhu kuramba kukuvadzwa pasi pesimba rekumanikidza.
② Kuzviisa pasi (σs)
Kushungurudzika kwechinhu chesimbi chine chiitiko chinobereka chinogona kuramba chichireba pasina kuwedzera kwesimba (kuchengetedza kugadzikana) panguva yekutambanudza kunonzi kuburitsa.Kana pane kuderera kwesimba, iyo yepamusoro uye yakaderera inobereka mapoinzi inofanira kusiyaniswa.Iyo unit yekuteerera poindi ndeye N/mm2 (MPa).
Superior inflection point ( σ Su): Kunyanya kunetseka kwemuenzaniso kusati kwatanga kuderera kwesimba nekuda kwekubereka;Subdivision point ( σ SL): Iko kudiki kushushikana mudanho rekubereka kana yekutanga pakarepo mhedzisiro isingatariswe.
Iyo yekuverengera formula yeiyo inflection point ndeye:
Mune fomula: Fs - kukotamisa simba panguva yekusimba kwemuenzaniso (yakagadzika), N (Newton) Saka - yepakutanga-chikamu-chikamu nharaunda yemuenzaniso, mm2.
③ Kureba mushure mekutyoka (σ)
Mukuedza kwekusimba, chikamu chehurefu chakawedzerwa kuhurefu hwegeji yemuenzaniso mushure mekutyoka zvichienzaniswa nehurefu hwegeji yepakutanga hunodaidzwa kuti elongation.ne σ Inoratidza kuti unit iri%.Iyo calculation formula ndeye:
Muchidimbu: L1- gauge urefu hwemuenzaniso mushure mekuputsika, mm;L0- Yekutanga geji kureba kwemuenzaniso, mm.
④Chikamu chekudzikisa mwero( ψ)
Muchiyedzo chekuedza, kuderedzwa kwepamusoro-soro munzvimbo ye-cross-sectional pahupamhi hwakaderedzwa hwemuenzaniso mushure mekupwanyika kunonzi chikamu chepakutanga-chepakati-chikamu nzvimbo, iyo inonzi chiyero chekuderedza-chikamu chekuderedza.pamweψ Inoratidza kuti chikwata chiri%.Iyo calculation formula ndeyotevera:
Mune fomula: S0- Yekutanga muchinjiko-chikamu nharaunda yemuenzaniso, mm2;S1- Iyo yakaderera-yepakati-chikamu nzvimbo pane yakaderedzwa dhayamita yemuenzaniso mushure mekutsemuka, mm2.
⑤Kuoma chinangwa(HB）
Kugona kwezvinhu zvesimbi kuramba kumanikidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma pamusoro pepamusoro kunonzi kuoma.Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana nzira dzekuyedza uye mashandisirwo ekushandisa, kuomarara kunogona kukamurwa zvakare kuita Brinell kuomarara, Rockwell kuomarara, Vickers kuomarara, Shore kuomarara, microhardness, uye yakanyanya-tembiricha kuoma.Kune matatu anowanzo shandiswa marudzi emapombi: Brinell, Rockwell, uye Vickers kuoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-14-2023